Spotlight on… women in construction aims to understand why the gender gap continues to dominate the headlines and suggests steps to tackle the issue...
Spotlight on… women in construction aims to understand why the gender gap continues to dominate the headlines and suggests steps to tackle the issue...
The Considerate Constructors Scheme recognises that there are many genders, we will be using the term women or woman as someone who identifies as female or as a woman. However, we also recognise that the vocabulary evolves, and changes and we are using this term that is correct at the time of publishing.
Introduction
Over the last decade, we have seen more women entering the UK construction industry than ever before. From project engineers and designers to site managers and plant operators, today women make up 15% of the workforce in the UK construction sector. 37% of new entrants coming into the industry from higher education are women and the number of women in senior roles has almost trebled since 2005.
Increased investment in education, particularly Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) is gaining momentum and making an impression on career choices. Industry wide campaigns are continuing to make an impact; initiatives to boost female apprenticeships, toolkits to support diversity and inclusion, and outreach campaigns to increase the visibility of women in construction. Employers are actively taking steps to promote equality, diversity and inclusion and The Times Top Employers 2022 for Women recently ranked 3 construction companies in its top 50.
International movements such as the #MeToo campaign has helped shift public attitudes and behaviour, empowering women to stand up to harassment and inequalities in the workplace.
There’s also been a growth in organisations aimed specifically at championing gender equality and providing a support network for women in the sector, including the National Association of Women in Construction (NAWIC), Women’s Engineering Society (WES), Women in Science and Engineering (WISE) and Women into Construction.
Despite efforts to change attitudes and promote a culture of equality and inclusion, women are still grossly underrepresented in construction and engineering roles. When did you walk past a construction site and see a woman? The answer is probably hardly ever, as 99% of manual workers onsite are male.
Construction is one of the largest sectors in the UK economy; making up almost 10% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employing approximately 2.7 million people. Spanning multiple disciplines from planning and designing to building and maintenance, across transport infrastructure, utilities and the natural and built environment, the success of the sector is critical to the safe and effective functioning of modern society. So, why is the industry not reflective of UK society where women make up 50.6% of the population. Figures around Europe are no different, with France, Germany, Italy and Spain all reporting rates of approximately 9% of the construction workforce as female.
Why is the construction industry failing to attract women?
Traditional stereotypes have plagued the industry for decades, shaped by public attitude and reinforced through first-hand experience, education and media. Historically, working in construction has been seen as a masculine trade and inherently sexist. Women have been portrayed as the weaker gender, predominantly the family caregiver or only seen in support and secretarial roles. The impact of COVID-19 proved the realities of traditional stereotypes, as national lockdowns placed increased pressure on women who were more likely to be responsible for childcare.
Women often face challenges at the first hurdle when applying for jobs, with gender biased language and outdated male oriented policies still prevalent in recruitment and employment. Historically, there’s been little reference to maternity leave, returning to work packages or flexible hours required to support a family and work life balance. Gender pay inequality is rife with construction being one of the worst sectors in the UK, with a pay gap standing on average at 20%. In a 2020 report published by Randstad, 15% of the construction organisations polled had never promoted a women to a senior position and two-fifths had never worked for a female manager.
According to the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB), there are reports of inadequate welfare facilities with non-male toilets locked and being used as storage, and a lack of women’s Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) placing them at higher risk using PPE designed for the male body.
Discrimination is a big issue, Randstad revealed nearly 72% of women surveyed had experienced some form of gender discrimination at work. The report outlines 1 in 4 women are being left out of male conversations and social events leading to isolation and bias unconscious or otherwise. With the industry made up of 85% males, workplace culture will naturally be dominated by the majority view.
Why addressing the gender gap matters?
According to the Construction Industry Training Board’s (CITB) Construction Skills Network, to meet growing demand the industry needs 216,800 new construction workers by 2025. The report published in June 2022 outlines the surge in demand for housing, infrastructure, repair, and maintenance, and acknowledges the substantial recruitment and training challenges facing the sector.
With the exodus of thousands of skilled workers from the EU following Brexit, a decline in young people entering construction roles and an aging workforce with 22% of workers over 50, it’s clear there is a massive deficit of skilled workers.
In figures recently published by the Office of National Statistics (ONS), around 49,000 construction jobs remained unfilled between February and April 2022 and one fifth of all vacancies are difficult to fill because employers cannot recruit staff with the right skills, qualifications or experience.
Construction is facing the biggest skills crisis in decades. Rising costs and soaring wages are changing the landscape of the industry as smaller firms struggle to compete. Recruiting employees is becoming a long and costly process, not to mention the growing challenges associated with retaining staff. Ignoring or alienating 50% of the UK population could signal serious problems for sustained growth of the sector in future.
Having a workforce that’s reflective of society can add real value. Analysis from McKinsey suggests companies in the ‘top quartile for gender diversity on executive teams were 25% more likely to have above-average profitability than companies in the fourth quartile’.
Higher rates of workplace diversity can help companies evolve, innovate, problem-solve, and be more efficient. Moreover, highly diverse workplaces offer employees a better sense of community, increased worker engagement, and a more positive corporate culture.
What are we doing to help support women into construction?
At the Considerate Constructors Scheme we strive to encourage and support equality, diversity and inclusion to raise standards of conduct and respect in the workplace. We provide registered activity with the latest resources, advice, and best practice to add value to employee engagement and wellbeing.
The Scheme’s Code of Considerate Practice states that all registered organisations should value their workforce and provide a workplace where everyone is respected, treated fairly, encouraged and supported. The Checklist used by Scheme Monitors asks the following questions:
Our Scheme Monitors continue to score registered activity for conformance to the Code of Considerate Practice supporting the Equality Act of 2010 for equal treatment of employees regardless of their protected characteristics. The protected characteristics listed in the Equality Act are age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation. We record and address issues including inclusion, harassment, open door policies and inappropriate language.
The Scheme has also published a ‘Spotlight on…’ learning toolkit focussing on equality, diversity and inclusion where we carried out a survey of construction industry professional and learnt that sex was seen as the largest reason that individuals in the construction industry have witnessed or been aware of discrimination occurring.
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The industry has made strides to help readdress the gender imbalance, but it’s clear there’s still so much that needs to be done to make the industry more reflective of the world we live in.
Support equality in career progression
Whilst there have been many successes to address the gender imbalance in the UK construction sector, with increased awareness and initiatives to remove gender biases, overall numbers are yet to see a significant change. The impact of coronavirus has permanently changed the way we work, with digital working and greater flexibility of home working, removing some barriers for women entering the industry. The skills crisis is, and will continue to be, a huge challenge for construction in years to come. Together these issues create exciting opportunities to reinvent the sector; to challenge stereotypes, boost the adoption of new technology, and invest in up and reskilling our population. Whilst the sector is adapting to a new post-covid world, it’s clear a significant joint effort from education, industry and government is needed to make the construction accessible and truly inclusive. There is no doubt that creating a gender balanced workforce that is truly reflective of society will help meet growth targets and sustain the future of the UK construction industry. Further reading on this topic can be found in the References and Useful Resources section.
Conclusion